Baroque: Early variant of classical music, most athak music

Bach's Brandenburg concertos for typical (but excellent) Baroque music

Bach's Well Tempered Klavier for fugue, a common device used in Baroque music & athak music

Classical: What Dionysus originally made, what Connell Colzayre composed

Any of Mozart's early to middle era symphonies

Mozaret's Oboe Concerto for a good example of oboes in classical music

Mozart's Violin Sonatas for a good idea of what Dionysus sounded like before the change

Haydn's symphonies would also give a good idea of classical work

Fernando Sor or Mauro Giuliani would be good ones to hear for Connell Colzayre's typical style

Romantic: The Silver Wolf Symphony

Beethoven's 3rd (Eroica--based on Napoleon), 5th, 7th, & 9th (Choral--incorporates Friedrich Schiller's "Ode to Joy") symphonies (check the 5th for a good example of brass instrumentation in classical music, expecially)

Tchaikovsky's Romeo and Juliet Fantasy Overture, which contains the famous Love Theme, a perfect example of the ways Romantic composers attempted to depict emotion through music

Hector Berlioz's Symphonie fntastique, which "is a piece of program music which tells the story of an artist gifted with a lively imagination who has poisoned himself with opium in the depths of despair because of hopeless love"

Berlioz's works in general are recommended for a good example of percussion in classical music

Camille Saint-Saëns' Dance Macabre is a good example of a symphonic poem

Mendelssohn's Wedding March is the music you always hear at weddings

Progressive Romantic: The Messiah of Hope Cycle

Wagner's Tristan und Isolde represents a break from tonality, the first known major work to include such a thing

Wagner's Ring cycle is a series of works that is on the scale with the Messiah of Hope symphonies

Lizst's Grandes Etudes de Paganini, including No. 3, "La Campanella"; and No. 5, "La Chasse" for a good idea how one composer can take the themes of another & transform them (these piano pieces are based on Paganini's violin pieces)

Two composers whose works in general are worth looking into in this are are Gustav Mahler & Claude Debussy

Other composers: for a better idea of what atonal music is like, check out Bela Bartok, Arthur Webern, Arnold Schoenberg, & John Cage. Also, Igor Stravinsky is worth listening to in general.

Medieval folk: Most balladeers in game

Ewan MacColl's Child Ballads albums are collections of very old folk tunes

Indian ragas: Vimalan/pachydermion music

Ravi Shankar is the most famous raga performer, easiest to find

African rhythms: Taggaran music

Seek out the Ethiopiques series of compilations

Gangbe Brass Band is an African brass band who incorporates African rhythms into their music

Brass band: why god invented the trumpet; bands whose brass heavy sound sounds somewhat almost like what i picutre some of the bands to sound like if they weren't so brass heavy--but not the Colour of Sound

Brass Band Soli Deo Gloria

Kocani Orkestar

Gae Bolg & the Church of Fand

New Wave: gnomish music, if you played it on renaissance technology

the B 52s, "Rock Lobster"

Devo, "Whip It"

Celtic folk: Avery's music is highly like this, typically, as are all musics from Innes & Keary on Shem

Tin Whistles by Paddy Moloney is a good example of pennywhistle music (also, the jazz group Loose Tubes, though not Celtic, does feature pennywhistle prominently)

The Colour of Sound:

Bugger that. I couldn't place it at first, but you guys are a jam band through & through: Unconventional instruments, heavy folk & world influence, incorporating classical/jazz influences... jam band. So:

The Grateful Dead's American Beauty, Europe '72, Aoxomoxoa, Blues for Allah, any of the Dick's Picks series

Bob Weir's Ace (especially for an idea of what Jack's sound probably is, if it were less British)

Mickey Hart's Planet Drum (especially Gaja)

Also:

The Band's Music From the Big Pink

The Flying Burrito Brothers' The Gilded Palace of Sin

Arzachel's Arzachel (for that medieval feel)

Les Kilimambogo Brothers Band's Simba Africa (Arsul & Gaja's influences)

Fela Kuti's Gentleman

The Pogues' Rum, Sodomy, & the Lash (if Avery & Jack had a child)

The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band's Will the Circle Be Unrboken?

Beausoleil' Cajun & Creole Music (Arsul's influence)

Various Artists' Ethiopiques compilations

Gae Bolg & the Church of Fand's Tintagel (for that medieval feel)

Clarence Gatemouth Brown's Blackjack (thekinda bluesy rock that Jack is capable of, with Arsul's roots thrown in)